Soul Machine: The Invention of the Modern Mind
Soul Machine takes us back to the origins of modernity, a time when a crisis in religious authority and the scientific revolution led to searching questions about the nature of human inner life. This is the story of how a new concept--the mind--emerged as a potential solution, one that was part soul and part machine, but fully neither.
In this groundbreaking work, award-winning historian George Makari shows how writers, philosophers, physicians, and anatomists worked to construct notions of the mind as not an ethereal thing, but a natural one. From the ascent of Oliver Cromwell to the fall of Napoleon, seminal thinkers like Hobbes, Locke, Diderot, and Kant worked alongside often-forgotten brain specialists, physiologists, and alienists in the hopes of mapping the inner world. Conducted in a cauldron of political turmoil, these frequently shocking, always embattled efforts would give rise to psychiatry, mind sciences such as phrenology, and radically new visions of the self. Further, they would be crucial to the establishment of secular ethics and political liberalism. Boldly original, wide-ranging, and brilliantly synthetic, Soul Machine gives us a masterful, new account of the making of the modern Western mind.
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George Makari is director of Cornell's Institute for the History of Psychiatry, associate professor of psychiatry at Weill Medical College, adjunct associate professor at Rockefeller University, and a faculty member of Columbia University's Psychoanalytic Center. His writings on the history of psychoanalysis have won numerous awards. He lives in New York City
George Makari has written an all-encompassing and invigorated account of how we have come to think about the acts of thinking and feeling. This is a book brimming with knowledge and lucid observations, one that helps us to understand the evolution of our contemporary sensibility.--Daphne Merkin, author of The Fame Lunches
An electrifying narrative of the intellectual disputes that gave rise to the Western conception of the mind . . . highly engaging.
Fascinating . . . masterful intellectual history.
An erudite exploration of the high-stakes struggle to make space in the modern world for that part of our being we call our minds.--Anne Harrington, Franklin L. Ford Professor of the History of Science at Harvard University and author of The Cure Within
Remarkably vivid. . . . It is still true that nothing less than the meaning of life depends on how we think of minds, souls, persons, and selves. Makari's book is a fine reminder of a contested space and a contested debate that we continue to inhabit after all these many years.
In the replacement of the ancient doctrine of the soul with the secular conception of the mind, Makari discerns an epoch-making shift . . . an impressively multifaceted narrative.
An enlightening and gracefully written account of a vital aspect of our history that few of us are aware of--the replacement of the soul by the mind, and the struggle to understand its foundations in the brain.--Steven Pinker, Johnstone Professor of Psychology, Harvard University, and author of How the Mind Works and The Stuff of Thought
