Gregorian reformer who shared his late mentor’s ambition to enforce high standards of clerical behavior and extend papal control across the Christian west. This was not only about paying attention to morality inside monasteries. There was a secular dimension too.
Since the late tenth century, European churchmen had been fretting over what they could do to rein in the violence perpetrated by knights engaged in local feuds. The popes had direct experience of this through the Normans of southern Italy. But trouble was—or seemed to be—endemic. Two early attempts to impose Church discipline over unruly knights were known as the “peace movements”: the Peace of God (Pax Dei) and Truce